![]() Almost all languages of Europe and Asia, such as German, French, Persian, Japanese, and Mandarin, lack the sound. The fricative and its unvoiced counterpart are rare phonemes. It has been proposed that either a turned ⟨ ð⟩ or reversed ⟨ ð⟩ be used as a dedicated symbol for the dental approximant, but despite occasional usage, this has not gained general acceptance. Very rarely used variant transcriptions of the dental approximant include ⟨ ʋ̠⟩ (retracted ), ⟨ ɹ̟⟩ (advanced ) and ⟨ ɹ̪⟩ (dentalised ). The letter ⟨ ð⟩ is sometimes used to represent the dental approximant, a similar sound, which no language is known to contrast with a dental non-sibilant fricative, but the approximant is more clearly written with the lowering diacritic: ⟨ ð̞⟩. Such fricatives are often called " interdental" because they are often produced with the tongue between the upper and lower teeth (as in Received Pronunciation), and not just against the back of the upper teeth, as they are with other dental consonants. ![]() ![]() Its symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is eth, or ⟨ð⟩ and was taken from the Old English and Icelandic letter eth, which could stand for either a voiced or unvoiced (inter)dental non-sibilant fricative. ![]() It is familiar to English-speakers as the th sound in father. The voiced dental fricative is a consonant sound used in some spoken languages. ![]()
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